People are increasingly concerned about whether canned sparkling water might raise the risk of colorectal cancer. The worry does not center on the carbonated drink itself but rather on the containers used to package it. Many cans are lined with materials that can contain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, often called PFAS or forever chemicals.
Recent research provides more detail about how PFAS may affect the digestive system, but it has not established that the chemicals increase colorectal cancer risk in humans. A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies found no overall association between PFAS exposure and colorectal cancer. Another 2025 review found that laboratory studies have shown certain PFAS can increase the growth and movement of colorectal cancer cells, while animal and human studies have produced mixed results. Separate research examining the intestinal tract found that PFAS may interfere with proteins that maintain the gut barrier, alter the gut microbiome, increase oxidative stress and promote inflammatory responses. These biological effects give researchers reasons to continue studying a possible connection with colorectal cancer, but they do not demonstrate that PFAS exposure causes the disease.
Recent studies have also strengthened evidence that food packaging can be a source of PFAS exposure. A 2024 study identified dozens of PFAS in food-contact materials and found evidence that some of the chemicals can migrate from packaging into food. A July 2026 study examining 150 foods and their corresponding packaging detected PFAS in every sample tested and found evidence that packaging contributed to contamination. In one experiment, food prepared in its original paper packaging contained substantially higher PFAS levels than comparable food prepared in glass. However, much of the strongest recent packaging research involves paper and paperboard rather than aluminum beverage cans. At this point, there is no direct evidence showing that drinking canned sparkling water increases colorectal cancer risk, although research into PFAS exposure from packaging and its effects on the digestive system continues.
These chemicals do not break down easily in the environment or in the human body, according to HuffPost. Studies have associated PFAS with several health risks including kidney and testicular cancer, liver damage, and immune system problems. Some research has found PFAS in popular brands of sparkling water, although levels are often below federal safety limits.
Experts say the amount of PFAS that leaches into drinks is important for understanding risk. Even small amounts may not be harmless, according to medical professionals. PFAS can affect the gut barrier and may cause inflammation over time.
This disruption could lead to changes in the gut microbiome and contribute to colorectal cancer risk. Chronic inflammation is already known to be linked with colorectal cancer development. Some PFAS may also influence how intestinal cells behave in ways that could promote tumor growth.
Experts agree that the science is still developing and not yet conclusive. There is currently no direct proof linking canned sparkling water to colon cancer. More long-term studies are needed to better understand the risks.
Until more is known, experts recommend drinking sparkling water in moderation and varying beverage choices. The best way to stay hydrated, they say, is with filtered tap water. Experts also suggest focusing on well-established risk factors for colorectal cancer such as diet and lifestyle.
The Environmental Protection Agency is continuing to study the health impacts of PFAS exposure. Staying informed and being mindful about consumption habits are practical steps for long-term health. While research into PFAS and cancer continues, the debate over sparkling water safety remains unresolved.
Health professionals emphasize that more studies are necessary before drawing firm conclusions about the risks. The issue is particularly complex because PFAS exposure comes from many sources beyond just beverage packaging. Consumers are advised to stay aware of the latest findings and make informed choices about their drinks.
In the meantime, the general advice remains to drink water in moderation and avoid over-reliance on any single beverage type. This approach supports overall health while reducing potential exposure to harmful chemicals in packaging.
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